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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Moscow:20241002T103000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Moscow:20241002T123000
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CREATED:20240925T061309Z
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SUMMARY:Design meets evolution: Theory and practice
DESCRIPTION:Víctor de Lorenzo\nThe Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) \n\nDesign meets evolution: Theory and practice\n \nThe prevailing view of biological evolution is not unlike bricolage/pastiche/tinkering—in sharp contrast with rational engineering. Yet\, different paths often lead to solutions that coincide or converge whether they emerge from naturally-occurring evolution or rationally designed. Such a conjunction—often presented as a mere anecdote— in fact reveals the ability of biological systems to physically explore solution spaces and gravitate towards information-rich attractors\, which can be found through different routes. This scenario evokes one of heterotic computing\, a non-conventional type of data processing in which the solution to a problem is not delivered through numerical calculations but through its embodiment in a material object. Once left to undergo a physical process the object manages a large number of parameters for reaching a multi objective optimum. The course of information is thus a physical flow and the outcome is a physical currency. The consequences of this notion for bioengineering are remarkable\, as it enables solutions to multi-objective optimization challenges not yet amenable to all-rational approaches. The ensuing technical question is how to bring about hyper-diversification not only of genomic sequences but also environmental parameters for securing the desired performance of a given synthetic device. This issue will be illustrated with a number of practical cases where naturally-occurring or artificially enhanced variability was key to find ideal outcomes to otherwise intractable design hitches of interest for industrial and environmental biotechnology. \nAl-ramahi et al. (2021) ssDNA recombineering boosts in vivo evolution of nanobodies displayed on bacterial surfaces. Comms Biology 4: 1169.\nTas et al. (2020) Contextual dependencies expand the re-usability of genetic inverters. Nature Comms 12: 355.\nEspeso et al. (2020) An automated DIY framework for experimental evolution of Pseudomonas putida. Microb Biotechnol. 14: 2679-2685\nHueso-Gil et al. (2023) In vivo sampling of intracellular heterogeneity of Pseudomonas putida enables multiobjective optimization of genetic devices. ACS Synth Biol. 12: 1667-1676.\nAkkaya et al. (2019) Evolving metabolism of 2\,4-dinitrotoluene triggers SOS-independent diversification of host cells. Env Microbiol 21: 314-326 \n  \n \n  \nAbout speaker\nVíctor de Lorenzo (Madrid\, 1957) is a Chemist by training and he holds a position of Research Professor in the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)\, where he currently heads the Laboratory of Environmental Synthetic Biology at the National Center for Biotechnology. After his PhD at the CSIC Institute of Enzymology (1983)\, he worked at the Pasteur Institute (1984)\, the University of California at Berkeley (1985-1987)\, the University of Geneva (1988) and the Federal Center for Biotechnology in Braunschweig until 1991\, the year in which he joined the CSIC in Madrid. He specializes in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of soil microorganisms (particularly Pseudomonas putida) as agents for the decontamination of sites damaged by industrial waste. At present\, his work explores the interface between Synthetic Biology and Environmental Biotechnology\, including global-scale bioremediation interventions for counteracting climate change. In 2001 this work received the National Award Rey Jaime I for Environmental Protection. In June 2008 he was honored with the GSK International Award of the American Society for Microbiology\, and in October of the same year he was granted a Grand Prix of the French Academy of Sciences. He is a member of the EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization) and the American and European Academies of Microbiology\, and he has co-chaired with Anne Glover the President’s Science and Technology Council of the EC during the Barroso Administration. He served as a member of the World Economic Forum Council on Future Biotechnologies (Dubai\, 2016-2018) and received a Honorary doctorate of the DTU (Lyngby\, Denmark 2022). \n \n  \n  \n\n  \n 
URL:https://unam.bilkent.edu.tr/en/event/design-meets-evolution-theory-and-practice/
CATEGORIES:Nanocolloquium Series
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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Moscow:20241030T110000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Moscow:20241030T123000
DTSTAMP:20260906T095714
CREATED:20241023T070015Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20241023T070015Z
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SUMMARY:Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in multimode semiconductor lasers
DESCRIPTION:Stefan Bittner\nUniversity of Lorraine \n\nNonlinear dynamics and chaos in multimode semiconductor lasers \nNonlinear dynamics and deterministic chaos are ubiquitous in nature and appear in a large variety of physical\, chemical and biological systems. Due to their strong nonlinearities\, lasers exhibit a very wide range of different dynamics and are ideal testbeds for studying chaotic dynamics. Interest in laser dynamics has been renewed due to emerging applications of ultrafast chaotic dynamics like chaos cryptography\, physical random number generation\, sensing applications like chaotic LIDAR or information processing and reservoir computing [1]. Semiconductor lasers are ideal for realizing chaos-based applications thanks to their ultrafast dynamics\, compact size and low energy consumption. \nIn the first part of the talk\, we present the experimental investigation of a free-running broad-area VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser) [2]. We observe mode competition between lasing modes with different spatial patterns and polarizations. Time-domain measurements of the laser emission show irregular fluctuations\, and we use methods from time-series analysis to confirm that the VCSEL exhibits chaotic dynamics in certain parameter regimes. Such lasers with intrinsic chaotic dynamics are promising candidates for applications like chaos cryptography. \nIn the second part of the talk\, the detailed investigation of an edge-emitting broad-area laser is presented [3]. Time-domain heterodyning measurements enable us to obtain the spectrum of the laser with ultra-high resolution. In addition to the expected transverse modes of order 1 to 8\, we find that multiplets of 1st and 2nd order transverse modes are created by the nonlinear dynamics. We demonstrate that the modes in these multiplets are phase-locked\, which is unexpected for a broad-area laser without external perturbation or control. The coexistence of synchronized (phase-locked) modes and unsynchronized ones is similar to so-called chimera states found in networks of coupled oscillators [4] which also exhibit partial synchronization and are found in various physical\, chemical and biological systems. \n\nHigh resolution spatio-spectral image of a broad-area semiconductor laser pumped high above threshold. The frequencies and the spatial profiles of transverse modes of order 1 to 8 are revealed. \n[1] Sciamanna & Shore\, “Physics and applications of laser diode chaos”\, Nature Photonics 9\, 151 (2015)\n[2] Bittner & Sciamanna\, “Complex nonlinear dynamics of polarization and transverse modes in a broad-area VCSEL”\, APL Phot. 7\, 126108 (2022)\n[3] Bittner & Sciamanna\, “Spontaneous phase locking in a broad-area semiconductor laser”\, arXiv:2405.07268 (2024)\n[4] Abrams & Strogatz\, “Chimera States for Coupled Oscillators”\, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93\, 174102 (2004) \n  \n  \n  \n  \nKonuşmacı hakkında\nPhD thesis 2007-2010 at Technical University Darmstadt (Germany)\nPostdoc 2010-2012 at TU Darmstadt\n2012-2014 Postdoc at ENS Cachan (France)\n2015-2018 Research Scientist at Yale University\, Department of Applied Physics\n2019-2024 Research Scientist at CentraleSupélec\, laboratory LMOPS (laboratory for optical materials\, photonics and systems) in Metz\, France\nSince September 2019: Associate Professor (Maître de Conférences) at University of Lorraine\, laboratory LMOPS in Metz\, France \n  \n \n  \n\n  \n 
URL:https://unam.bilkent.edu.tr/en/event/nonlinear-dynamics-and-chaos-in-multimode-semiconductor-lasers/
CATEGORIES:Nanocolloquium Series
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